Susheel Sheehn

The Bank of Canada today reduced its target for the overnight rate to 2.75%, with the Bank Rate at 3% and the deposit rate at 2.70%. The Canadian economy entered 2025 in a solid position, with inflation close to the 2% target and robust GDP growth. However, heightened trade tensions and tariffs imposed by the United States will likely slow the pace of economic activity and increase inflationary pressures in Canada. The economic outlook continues to be subject to more-than-usual uncertainty because of the rapidly evolving policy landscape. After a period of solid growth, the US economy looks to have slowed in recent months. US inflation remains slightly above target. Economic growth in the euro zone was modest in late 2024. Chinas economy has posted strong gains, supported by government policies. Equity prices have fallen and bond yields have eased on market expectations of weaker North American growth. Oil prices have been volatile and are trading below the assumptions in the Banks January Monetary Policy Report (MPR). The Canadian dollar is broadly unchanged against the US dollar but weaker against other currencies. Canadas economy grew by 2.6% in the fourth quarter of 2024 following upwardly revised growth of 2.2% in the third quarter. This growth path is stronger than was expected at the time of the January MPR. Past cuts to interest rates have boosted economic activity, particularly consumption and housing. However, economic growth in the first quarter of 2025 will likely slow as the intensifying trade conflict weighs on sentiment and activity. Recent surveys suggest a sharp drop in consumer confidence and a slowdown in business spending as companies postpone or cancel investments. The negative impact of slowing domestic demand has been partially offset by a surge in exports in advance of tariffs being imposed. https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2025/03/fad-press-release-2025-03-12/

New home prices continued slowdown in January The national index edged down 0.1% on a month-over-month basis in January, following the same decline in the previous month. Prices were unchanged in 15 out of the 27 surveyed census metropolitan areas (CMAs). Meanwhile, nine CMAs saw an increase, while three CMAs were down. Even though more CMAs recorded price increases in January, a decline was seen at the national level. This decrease was driven by Toronto (-0.4%), the largest new housing market in Canada, accounting for nearly one-quarter (23.6%) of the national weight. The largest month-over-month decrease of new home prices in January was recorded in Ottawa (-0.5%), followed by Toronto (-0.4%) and Edmonton (-0.2%). The weight of these three CMAs accounts for 38.8% of the national index. The latest new housing sales figures show a slowdown in the Ottawa and Toronto markets. Data collected from the Greater Ottawa Home Builders Association shows a 21.2% monthly decline in sales of new detached houses and townhouses in December 2024. In the case of Toronto, Altus Group reported a decline in new single-family home sales (-68.6%) in December 2024. The largest monthly increases in January 2025 were registered in Saskatoon (+0.6%) and St. CatharinesNiagara region (+0.6%), followed by Qubec (+0.5%) and Winnipeg (+0.4%). Reduced borrowing costs fuelled the demand for housing in the CMAs where prices were relatively more affordable. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation reported declines in inventory of completed and unsold single-family homes in Qubec (-10.8%) and Winnipeg (-3.3%) in December 2024 compared to the previous month. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250220/dq250220c-eng.htm

With the second Bank of Canada (BoC) rate announcement this year around the corner on March 12, many Canadians are eager to see if the central bank will cut its lending rate again. In January, the BoC cut its lending rate by 25 basis points, bringing it down from 3.25% to 3%. So, is more rate relief on the way? According to TD Economist Derek Burleton, the BoC is likely to cut its lending rate at the upcoming announcement by 25 basis points. We are anticipating a follow-up cut in March, and TD Economics predicts the central bank will bring its lending rate down to 2.75%, Burleton said. Since the inflation data came out a few weeks ago, market odds of a cut fell as low as 30%, but have since jumped to 90% following the imposition of U.S. tariffs on Canadian exports. So, while theres still a chance that the central bank will announce a rate hold, there is a growing consensus that a cut is in store. Burleton explained that the Bank of Canada needs to help prepare for the economic risks on the horizon especially around tariffs. Even with recent reports showing a resilient job market and robust GDP growth in Canada, the central bank needs to ensure the economy is prepared for U.S. tariffs to hit Canadian exports, he said. https://stories.td.com/ca/en/article/will-bank-of-canada-cut-interest-rates-march-2025

Overall, investment in building construction rose 1.9% (+$408.1 million) to $21.8 billion in December, with gains recorded across all components. The residential sector grew 2.2% to $15.1 billion while the non-residential sector was up 1.3% to $6.7 billion. Year over year, investment in building construction grew 4.7% in December. On a constant dollar basis (2017=100), investment in building construction increased 1.5% from the previous month to $13.0 billion in December and was up 1.6% year over year. Multi-unit component drives residential sector gains in December Investment in residential building construction was up 2.2% (+$323.9 million) to $15.1 billion in December. Single family home investment edged up 0.8% (+$60.7 million) to $7.3 billion in December, marking its fifth consecutive monthly increase. Investment in multi-unit construction rose 3.5% (+$263.2 million) to $7.7 billion in December, rebounding from two significant and consecutive monthly declines. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250213/dq250213a-eng.htm

Canadian MLS Systems posted a double-digit jump in new supply in January 2025 when compared to December 2024. At the same time, sales activity fell off at the end of the month, likely reflecting uncertainty over the potential for a trade war with the United States. Although sales were down 3.3% on a month-over-month basis in January, this was mostly the result of sales trailing off in the last week of the month. Meanwhile, the number of newly listed homes increased with an 11% jump compared to the final month of 2024. Aside from some of the wild swings seen during the pandemic, this was the largest seasonally adjusted monthly increase in new supply on record going back to the late 1980s. The standout trends to begin the year were a big jump in new supply at an uncommon time of year, as well as a weakening in sales which only showed up around the last week of January, said Shaun Cathcart, CREAs Senior Economist. The timing of that change in demand leaves little doubt as to the cause uncertainty around tariffs. Together with higher supply, this means markets that had been steadily tightening up since last fall are now suddenly in a softer pricing situation again, particularly in British Columbia and Ontario. https://www.crea.ca/media-hub/news/fourth-quarter-housing-data-hints-at-home-sales-rebound-for-2025-2/

Summary Home sales decreased by 3.3% between December and January, the second monthly contraction in a row, which can be explained by a slowdown in transactions in the last week of January. On the supply side, new listings surged by 11.0% compared to December, the first increase in four months and the biggest jump since February 2022 (rebound following Omicron wave). Active listings jumped by 4.2% from December to January, the second monthly advance in a row. Combined with the decrease in sales, the number of months of inventory (active listings-to-sales) increased for the second consecutive month, moving from 3.9 in December to 4.2 in January. Market conditions loosened during the month but remained tighter than their historical average in most provinces, while they remained balanced in B.C. and were in favourable to buyers territory in Ontario. Housing starts increased by 3% (+7.2K) in January to 239.7K (seasonally adjusted and annualized), a print below the median economist forecast calling for 252.5K units. The monthly gain was driven by an increase in both urban (+5.6K to 220.6K) and rural (+1.7K to 19.1K) starts. Starts were up in Montreal (+17.8K to 31.4K), Toronto (+17.2K to 29.1K), and Calgary (+0.4K to 21.4K), while they were down in Vancouver (-4.1K to 25.0K) from December to January. On a provincial basis, starts were up the most in Quebec (+16.6K to 58.4K), Nova Scotia (+2.8K to 8.2K), Alberta (+1.4K to 44.8K), and P.E.I. (+1.2K to 2.5K), while they saw the biggest decrease in Ontario (-6.4K to 57.0K), B.C. (-6.5K to 39.0K) and New Brunswick (-3.1K to 1.7K). The TeranetNational Bank Composite National House Price Index remained stable from December to January after seasonal adjustment. Seven of the 11 markets in the composite index rose during the month: Quebec City (+3.2%), Halifax (+0.9%), Calgary (+0.8%), Ottawa-Gatineau (+0.6%), Victoria (+0.6%), Edmonton (+0.6%) and Montreal (+0.4%). Conversely, prices fell in Winnipeg (-1.5%), Hamilton (-1.4%) and Vancouver (-0.6%), while they remained stable in Toronto. https://www.nbc.ca/content/dam/bnc/taux-analyses/analyse-eco/logement/economic-news-resale-market.pdf

Canada Housing Market: Trade uncertainty weighed on housing markets in January ... and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future National housing market conditions eased significantly in January 2025 with sales declining and new listings posting a near-record monthly rise. The national MLS House Price Index stayed essentially unchanged in January. Both declining sales and sharply rising new listings contributed to cool housing resales conditions nationally from December 2024 to January 2025. Over this period sales declined -3.3%, following a -5% decline from November to December. In January 2025, sales were only 2.9% above their level in the same month of 2024. But from the CREA report, the sales decline in January came mostly from a weak performance in its last week, the period where uncertainty on the new U.S. administration tariff policy started flying high. New listings climbed 11% from December to January and their level was at an historical high, excluding the very volatile initial 12-month period of the pandemic. In terms of their monthly progression, new listings posted the second largest historical increase in January (again outside the above-mentioned pandemic period), after the one observed in February 2022 (+21.4%) when house prices were at their historical summit and just before the Bank of Canada and other central banks started hiking their policy rate. This monetary policy tightening led to the subsequent cooling in Canadas economic and housing market conditions and house prices declining. With sales declining and new listings rising, the national sales-to-new listings ratio cooled further and significantly from December to January, declining from 56.5% to 49.3% over this period. This indicator of market pressures is now below the mid-point of our estimated balanced conditions zone (of between 44.7% to 66.1%). Another indicator of national market pressures, months of inventory, also eased from December to January, increasing from 3.9 to 4.2 months over this period nationally, but was still below its long-term pre-pandemic average of 5.2 months. All provinces witnessed an increase in their months of inventory from December to January, except for Saskatchewan where it was unchanged and for Newfoundland and Labrador where it declined (from 5.5 to 4.3 months). https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/about/economics/economics-publications/post.other-publications.housing.housing-news-flash.february-18--2025.html

On average, the cost of finding love can add up to $3,621 One third of couples say spending is a source of conflict in the relationship A special Valentines Day report from the BMO Real Financial Progress Index reveals 56% of Canadians say the rising cost of living is affecting dating, with many going on fewer dates and/or planning less expensive dating activities. The survey explores how concerns about the economy and personal finances have affected approaches to dating and relationships and found 42% of single Canadians admitted to adjusting their plans for a date for financial reasons. Nearly a third (30%) of single Canadians have cancelled a date to save money. Canadians on average spend $173 for each date, including the cost for transportation, preparation such as grooming and attire, and expenses such as food, beverages and tickets. On average, partnered Canadians have gone on 10 to 21 dates before committing to a relationship, suggesting Canadians could spend up to $3,621 on dates before making a relationship official. https://newsroom.bmo.com/2025-02-06-BMO-Survey-Rising-Cost-of-Living-is-Affecting-Dating

From CMHC High housing costs burden Canadians in many ways. Here, we concentrate on how these costs discourage Canadians from moving to better places to live and to the cities where they would like to work. Improving affordability will hence boost the productivity of Canadas economy. When choosing where to live and work, Canadians not only look at the wage increase they might get. They must be realistic about housing costs if they have to move to a new location. And they may give up on opportunities given by a new job that improves their skills and knowledge and hence the productivity of the country if they cant afford to cover the cost of housing after moving. Similarly, employers must pay more to attract highly skilled workers to their locations to cover those workers higher cost of living. This raises costs and lowers productivity. Changes in housing affordability across the country lead to knock-on changes for other cities. For example, our modelling suggests that were Toronto to double its housing starts over the next decade to address its own affordability challenges but without policy changes its population would be 3% greater than currently projected. Others, mostly from the rest of Ontario, would be attracted there. More generally, we find that a 1% increase in house prices in the destination city will make it less attractive and will lead to a decline in the number of people moving there of a little more than 1%. Cities need to understand the impacts of house prices across the country when planning for their own growth. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/blog/2025/high-housing-costs-making-harder-move-jobs-many-seeking

From CMHC Highlights Foreign trade risks and immigration changes add significant uncertainty to the outlook. We expect economic activity to be modest in 2025, picking up in 2026 and 2027. Housing starts will slow down from 2025 to 2027 mainly due to fewer condominium apartments being built but total starts will remain above their 10-year average. Rental apartment construction will remain high but may slow in 2027 as demand eases. Ground-oriented homes (detached, semi-detached, row homes) may recover slightly, especially in more affordable options like row houses. We expect housing sales and prices to rebound as lower mortgage rates and changes to mortgage rules unlock pent-up demand in the short term. In the longer term, stronger economic fundamentals will support this rebound. The recovery will be uneven, with slower progress in less affordable regions and in the condominium apartment market. Rental markets are expected to ease with higher vacancy rates slowing rent growth. Renter affordability will improve gradually, with more noticeable changes happening later in the forecast period. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/market-reports/housing-market/housing-market-outlook?utm_medium=emailutm_source=email-e-blastutm_campaign=2025-01-housing_market_outlook_2025

Highlights In 2021, 1.65 million households comprised of roommates or extended family sharing living space. These households were about evenly split between those with roommates and those with extended family, each group representing about 800,000 households. One in five households with roommates or extended family members (21.7%) was living in a crowded dwelling, compared with 3.4% of other households. In contrast, households with roommates or extended family members (16.7%) were less likely to be in unaffordable housing than other households (21.5%). About 900,000 people lived with extended family without contributing to housing costs, and almost half (47.5%) of them had no income or an income of less than $30,000. Just under 400,000 people lived with non-relatives without contributing to housing costs, and over one-third (36.6%) of them were living in poverty. Estimates of the number of people in shared housing experiencing housing instability or unmet housing need varied depending on the criteria used to define these concepts. One estimate suggested that 71,000 people had several risk factors for housing instability or unmet housing need, including living with non-relatives, not contributing to housing costs, having an income of less than $30,000 or living in poverty, and residing in a crowded dwelling. Another estimate indicated that just under 1.7 million people could be experiencing housing instability or unmet housing need when defined solely by living in a crowded dwelling. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/46-28-0001/2025001/article/00001-eng.htm

As widely expected, the Bank of Canada lowered its target for the overnight rate by 25 basis points to 3.0%. This sixth consecutive cut brings cumulative rate relief to 200 basis points since June 2024 and pushes the BoCs overnight target 150 bps below the Feds. The last time this gap was larger was way back in 1997. Note that the Bank will also be setting the deposit rate 5 bps below the target, a move designed to relieve some of the upward pressure on CORRA. Consistent with Toni Gravelles speech earlier this month, the Bank announced an end to QT with asset purchases (term repos) starting in early March. Initial term repo sizes will range between $2 billion and $5 billion. Here are some additional highlights from the communique and the opening statement to the press conference: Driving the decision to cut 25 bps was inflation around 2% and an economy in excess supply. As for forward rate guidance, you really wont find any. The opening statement to the presser simply acknowledges the tightrope theyll be walking: We will need to carefully assess the downward pressure on inflation from weakness in the economy, and weigh that against the upward pressure on inflation from higher input prices and supply chain disruptions. Absent tariff action, the BoC expects GDP growth to strengthen in 2025 (vs. 2024) with growth a bit above potential this year. Again, ignoring tariff threats, upside and downside risks are reasonably balanced. As for the labour market, the statement reiterates that Canadas labour market remains soft although they acknowledge job growth is picking up. On wage growth, they see some signs of easing. The Bank highlights that headline inflation is close to 2% with some volatility associated with the GST/HST holiday. Highlighting a broad range of indicators they note that underlying inflation is also close to 2% and is forecast to stay there over the next two years (absent tariffs). Note that the relatively hotter CPI-Median and -Trim werent mentioned. As for recent Canadian dollar weakness, the rate statement attributes it mostly to trade uncertainty and broader strength in the USD. In other words, its less to do with BoC-Fed divergence. https://www.nbc.ca/content/dam/bnc/taux-analyses/analyse-eco/boc-policy-monitor.pdf

The Bank of Canada today reduced its target for the overnight rate to 3%, with the Bank Rate at 3.25% and the deposit rate at 2.95%. The Bank is also announcing its plan to complete the normalization of its balance sheet, ending quantitative tightening. The Bank will restart asset purchases in early March, beginning gradually so that its balance sheet stabilizes and then grows modestly, in line with growth in the economy. Projections in the January Monetary Policy Report (MPR) published today are subject to more-than-usual uncertainty because of the rapidly evolving policy landscape, particularly the threat of trade tariffs by the new administration in the United States. Since the scope and duration of a possible trade conflict are impossible to predict, this MPR provides a baseline forecast in the absence of new tariffs. In the MPR projection, the global economy is expected to continue growing by about 3% over the next two years. Growth in the United States has been revised up, mainly due to stronger consumption. Growth in the euro area is likely to be subdued as the region copes with competitiveness pressures. In China, recent policy actions are boosting demand and supporting near-term growth, although structural challenges remain. Since October, financial conditions have diverged across countries. US bond yields have risen, supported by strong growth and more persistent inflation. In contrast, yields in Canada are down slightly. The Canadian dollar has depreciated materially against the US dollar, largely reflecting trade uncertainty and broader strength in the US currency. Oil prices have been volatile and in recent weeks have been about $5 higher than was assumed in the October MPR. In Canada, past cuts to interest rates have started to boost the economy. The recent strengthening in both consumption and housing activity is expected to continue. However, business investment remains weak. The outlook for exports is being supported by new export capacity for oil and gas. https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2025/01/fad-press-release-2025-01-29/

The Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA) has updated its forecast for home sales activity and average home prices via the Multiple Listing Service (MLS) Systems of Canadian real estate boards and associations and expanded the outlook to include 2026. CREAs latest forecast is little changed from the fall 2024 outlook. The assumption remains that the combination of two and a half years of pent-up demand and lower borrowing costs, together with the usual burst of spring listings will lead to a rebound in market activity across the country in 2025. There was a good preview of what that might look like during the fourth quarter of 2024. In addition to lower mortgage rates, the expectation the Bank of Canada may soon signal that interest rates are about as low as they are likely to go in this easing cycle could spur even more demand from those who have been waiting for the right time to lock in a fixed-rate mortgage. This rebound in demand is expected to play out differently across Canada, with British Columbia and Ontario expected to see bigger rebounds on the sales side owing to how low sales are there currently, together with more plentiful inventories, and less scope for price gains in these already expensive parts of the country. By contrast, increased demand is expected to play out more on the price side in Alberta and Saskatchewan where sales were already near record levels in 2024, inventories are currently near-20-year lows, and prices are still relatively more affordable. Manitoba, Quebec, and the Atlantic provinces are all expected to fall between these extremes, with both more sales and higher prices in 2025. https://www.crea.ca/housing-market-stats/canadian-housing-market-stats/quarterly-forecasts/

CANADA HOUSING MARKET: YEAR IN REVIEW Canadas national housing market slowed down to close 2024. National sales fell 5.8% (sa m/m) in December. New listings continued to pull back, dropping for the third month in a row by 1.7%. National sales in December of 2024 were 19% higher than the same month in 2023; new listings were 10% higher. Despite Decembers decline, sales in the last quarter of the year were 10% above the previous quarter. The larger decline in sales relative to listings meant the sales-to-new listing ratio, a measure of the markets tightness relative to historical averages and deviations, eased again after relatively steep increases the prior two months. The ratio stood at 56.9% in December, down from Novembers 59.3% and only slightly above the mid-point of the balanced conditions zone (estimated between 44.7% and 66.1%). Months of inventory also signalled easing following the national market moves in December, climbing up to 3.9 from Novembers recent low of 3.6, but still below its long-term average of 5 months of inventory. However, according to CREA, Decembers 3.9 is within the lower range for a balanced market based on one standard deviation, making anything below 3.6 months within buyers territory. The year as a whole recorded 7.3% more sales than in 2023, 11.2% more listings, and 0.9% higher average selling pricethe opposite of the 2023 tally that saw all measures below their prior year average. The only exception is the sales-to-new listings ratio, which continued to ease from its 2021 peak of 77.9%. Sales in 2024 were just -0.1% below their 201019 annual average, while listings were 2.6% above. https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/about/economics/economics-publications/post.other-publications.housing.housing-news-flash.january-15--2025.html

With much of the early fall surge of supply having now been picked over, home sales activity recorded over Canadian MLS Systems dipped in December 2024. Sales were down 5.8% compared to November, but still stand 13% above where they were in May, just before the first interest rate cut by the Bank of Canada in early June. The fourth quarter of 2024 saw sales up 10% from the third quarter and stood among the stronger quarters for activity in the last 20 years, not accounting for the pandemic. The number of homes sold across Canada declined in December compared to a stronger October and November, although that was likely more of a supply story than a demand story, said Shaun Cathcart, CREAs Senior Economist. Our forecast continues to be for a significant unleashing of demand in the spring of 2025, with the expected bottom for interest rates coinciding with sellers listing properties for sale in big numbers once the snow melts. December Highlights: National home sales fell 5.8% month-over-month. Actual (not seasonally adjusted) monthly activity came in 19.2% above December 2023. The number of newly listed properties dipped 1.7% month-over-month. The MLS Home Price Index (HPI) climbed 0.3% month-over-month and was only down 0.2% on a year-over-year basis. The actual (not seasonally adjusted) national average sale price was up 2.5% on a year-over-year basis. https://www.crea.ca/media-hub/news/fourth-quarter-housing-data-hints-at-home-sales-rebound-for-2025/

Summary Home sales increased 2.8% between October and November, a fourth consecutive monthly gain that follows a 6.8% jump in October. On the supply side, new listings decreased by 0.5% compared to October, the second monthly decline in a row. Active listings remained stable from October to November. With the increase in sales, the number of months of inventory (active listings-to-sales) decreased for a fourth month in a row, moving from 3.8 in October to 3.7 in November. Market conditions tightened during the month and were tighter than their historical average in most provinces, while they remained roughly balanced in B.C. and Ontario. Housing starts increased 8% (+20.2K) in November to 262.4K (seasonally adjusted and annualized), beating the median economist forecast which called for a 245.1K print. Octobers figure was also revised up slightly by 1.4K to 242.2K. The monthly increase was driven by a rise in urban starts (+20.6K to 245K), which was mainly supported by an 11% increase in the multi-unit segment (to 195.3K). Meanwhile, single-detached urban starts increased 1.8K to 49.8K. Starts were down in Toronto (-2.7K to 26.7K) and Calgary (-1.5K to 30.1K), but up in Montreal (+14.9K to 31.3K) and Vancouver (+1.6K to 32.0K) during November. At the provincial level, the most notable increased were registered in Nova Scotia (+1.4K to 5.6K), New Brunswick (+1.4K to 6.1K), Quebec (+10.7K to 53.3K), and British Columbia (+8.1K to 48.6K). On the other hand, declines were seen in P.E.I (-88% on the month, or -1.1K to 158), Manitoba (-1.2K to 7.1K), and Ontario (-5.3K to 59.4K). The TeranetNational Bank Composite National House Price Index by 0.6% from October to November after adjustment for seasonal effects. Ten of the 11 markets in the composite index were up during the month: Quebec City (+2.2%), Halifax (+1.7%), Hamilton (+1.5%), Montreal (+1.3%), Vancouver (+1.2%), Victoria (+0.9%), Winnipeg (+0.9%), Ottawa-Gatineau (+0.4%), Calgary (+0.3%) and Toronto (+0.1%). Conversely, there was a decline in Edmonton (-0.8%). https://www.nbc.ca/content/dam/bnc/taux-analyses/analyse-eco/logement/economic-news-resale-market.pdf

Highlights Rental market conditions across Canadas large urban centres remained tight despite lessening market pressures in some centres due to record level growth in supply outpacing strong demand. The average vacancy rate for purpose-built rental apartments1 rose to 2.2% in 2024 from 1.5% in 2023, remaining below the 10-year historical average of 2.7%. Average rent growth slowed, with rents for 2-bedroom units rising by 5.4%2, down from the record 8.0% in 2023. Rents increased by 23.5% when units turned over, which is close to 2023 rates. Rent hikes on turnover units accounted for more than 40% of the overall rent increase. Despite the slowdown in rent growth, renter affordability remained strained. The increase in rental stock was driven by newly completed, higher-priced units, which were unaffordable for many renters and primarily served higher-income households. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/market-reports/rental-market-reports-major-centres

From Scotiabank All Canadian provinces are poised for better growth in 2025, despite anticipating stronger policy headwinds in late 2025 and 2026 from both domestic and international fronts. Consumption is expected to accelerate over the next few quarters, driven by the Bank of Canadas rate cuts, which will alleviate household financial pressures, further supported by excess savings and fiscal stimulus. Residential investment is set to surge, fueled by lower financing costs and robust demand in an under-supplied market, driving economic expansion as we enter the new year. The rebound in interest rate-sensitive sectors, while beneficial for all provinces, is particularly promising for Ontario and British Columbia (B.C.), which have experienced notable contractions in housing activities. Policy uncertainty from the new U.S. administration poses a significant risk. Despite the lack of clarity on the path ahead, we have made some attempt to incorporate potential policy changes in our current forecast. Household spending is set to accelerate in 2025, driven by the Bank of Canadas rate cuts, elevated savings, and fiscal stimulus. Consumption held up solidly over the course of this year and has shown signs of picking up in the third quarter, surpassing expectations. Posting strong headline gains in the second half of this year, retail sales data highlights exceptional strength in the Atlantic provinces, although B.C. and Ontario experienced some soft patches. Despite the continued drag from ongoing mortgage resets, households should be able to manage higher mortgage payments by adapting saving and spending habits. As interest rates decline, this impact will also ease, paving the way for increased consumption. We anticipate a broad-based surge in household spending, fueled by stimulus cheques from Ontario and eventually B.C., as well as the federal government, GST/HST cuts, and mortgage rule changes as we move into 2025. This combination of factors sets the stage for a rebound in growth, with consumer confidence and spending power on the rise. Strong labour market conditions support consumption growth. After a period of cooling since the latter half of last year, employment growth stabilized and remained steady throughout 2024. However, employment gains have consistently lagged behind the rapid expansion of the labour force, driving up unemployment rates nationwide. This cooling trend is particularly evident in Quebec and Ontario, where employment growth slowed sharply, though recent signs of stabilization and recovery have begun to emerge. In Alberta, job gains have shown signs of weakening despite rapid population growth, following strong outperformance up until early this year. The Atlantic provinces have bucked the trend, with robust job gains outpacing strong labour force growth, indicating remarkable economic momentum. We anticipate that the worst of the unemployment rate deterioration is behind us and expect unemployment rates to stabilize around levels just above the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) over the next few quarters. https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/about/economics/economics-publications/post.other-publications.the-provinces.scotiabank-s-provincial-outlook--december-17--2024-.html

Canadians increasingly aware of FHSA features and benefits. Homebuyers divided over how mortgage rate changes will affect their ability to buy a home in the next two years. 23% of parents are expected to use the FHSA to help their children save for a home. BMOs 15th annual Investment Survey reveals more than half (56%) of potential first-time homebuyers are planning to use the First Home Savings Account (FHSA) to help purchase their first home, up from 52% from 2023. The annual survey also finds the understanding of FHSAs is increasing and that parents are finding the FHSA an effective way to help their adult children save for a home. Mind The Knowledge Gap The FHSA knowledge gap is narrowing, with two fifths (40%) of Canadians indicating they have at least some knowledge of the account, up from 31% from last year. Nearly half (48%) of Gen Z are knowledgeable about the FHSAs features and benefits the highest among any age group. A (Tax-Free) Gift That Keeps on Giving The BMO Investment Survey also explores how families across generations may be using the FHSA as a financial gift for their children. Nearly a quarter (23%) of parents will likely use the FHSA to help their adult children save for their first home. Younger parents are also more likely to use the FHSA to help their adult children save for a home, according to the surveys findings: Millennial Parents: 42% Gen Z Parents: 21% Boomer Parents: 7% It is encouraging to see that over half of prospective buyers plan to use the First Home Savings Account to save, and we want to see that number grow because the FHSA is such a powerful tool. Benefits including the ability to make tax-deducible contributions, tax-free growth of the investments and the ability to hold various investment types make this plan the most advantageous way to save for a home. It is like an RRSP and TFSA rolled into one for first-time homebuyers, said Nicole Ow, Vice President and Head, Retail Investments, BMO. For most, buying their first home will be part of a multi-year plan, involving several savings vehicles like the FHSA, RRSP withdrawals through the Home Buyers Plan, and may also involve multiple generations, with parents and grandparents contributing financially. https://newsroom.bmo.com/2024-12-18-BMO-Investment-Survey-Over-Half-of-First-Time-Homebuyers-Plan-to-Use-First-Home-Savings-Account-FHSA-to-Buy-a-Home

2024 is playing out largely as expected across Canadas regional landscape, with most of the Prairie and Atlantic provinces leading economic growth while Ontario, B.C., and Quebec lag. A number of regions are capping off this year displaying moderately stronger momentum in economic growth and job creation than we had envisaged in September. However, any upgrades to 2025 provincial growth forecasts reflecting this positive hand-off have been neutralized by downside growth risks on Canada owing to the imposition of tariffs by the new U.S. administration. The president-elect has threatened to impose a 25% across-the-board tariff on Canadian exports. We assume that Canada will manage to avert this outcome, partly reflecting the energy-heavy nature of its exports to the U.S. Still, this regional forecast incorporates some chill to investment and hiring due to the tariff threat that is likely to linger. Importantly, no province would escape the fallout from a Canada/U.S. trade skirmish, with U.S. export exposure ranging from about 80-90% in Alberta, New Brunswick, and Ontario to a still-lofty 50-60% in B.C and Saskatchewan. Beyond the first-order effects from tariffs on exports, provinces would also feel the hit through damage to other trading partners. PEI, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba source a comparatively large share of their imports from the U.S., potentially leaving them exposed to inflation pressures should Canada impose tariffs of its own. The countrys population growth is set to stall over the next two years through planned reductions in both the pool of non-permanent residents (NPRs) and a scaling back in its annual permanent immigration targets. Ontario, B.C. and Quebec will likely see population growth pull back the fastest. Meanwhile, ongoing affordability advantages in the Prairies and some Maritime provinces will remain a lure for interprovincial migrants. A wave of federal government stimulus is set to reach Canadian consumers in the coming months, with Ontario set to roll out its own measure in the new year. Combined with ongoing interest rate reductions, we expect consumer spending growth to pick up across the provinces despite slower population growth. Provinces with the highest debt burdens, namely B.C., Ontario, and Alberta, should disproportionately benefit from easing conditions. Housing markets across the country are also poised to benefit from supportive federal measures, and gradually falling short-term interest rates. https://economics.td.com/provincial-economic-forecast

The Bank of Canada lowered the target for the overnight rate by 50 basis points for the second straight meeting, a decision in line with consensus and market expectations. This is the fifth rate reduction in as many meetings and brings the policy rate to 3.25%, or the upper end of the BoCs estimated neutral range (2.25% to 3.25%). The move also pushes the BoCs policy rate 150 bps below the Federal Reserves upper bound target, the most since 1997 (although that gap will likely narrow next week). Meanwhile, balance sheet normalization will continue as expected. Here are additional highlights from the communique and the opening statement to the press conference: Driving the decision to cut 50 bps was inflation around 2%, excess supply and softer growth ahead relative to earlier expectations. Macklem added in the opening statement to the press conference that monetary policy no longer needs to be clearly in restrictive territory. As for forward rate guidance, the press release notes we will be evaluating the need for further reductions in the policy rate one decision at a time. In the presser, Macklem said they expect a more gradual approach to monetary policy if the economy evolves broadly as expected. Note they no longer explicitly say they expect to cut their policy rate further. The statement notes that Q3 growth was somewhat below the Banks projection and Q4 growth looks weaker than projected. Slower immigration will ease growth in 2025 while proposed fiscal measures will support demand. They will look through temporary demand effects. The press release highlights that job growth continues to grow slower than labour supply. Wage growth showed some signs of easing, but remains elevated relative to productivity. As for inflation, they still expect CPI to hover around 2% for the next couple of years. They note that the GST holiday will temporarily lower inflation but that will be unwound once the holiday ends. Therefore, watching core inflation will be critical to see underlying trends. The Bank didnt have much to say on tariff threats other than noting that these have increased uncertainty and clouded the economic outlook. \ https://www.nbc.ca/content/dam/bnc/taux-analyses/analyse-eco/boc-policy-monitor.pdf

The Bank of Canada today reduced its target for the overnight rate to 3%, with the Bank Rate at 3% and the deposit rate at 3%. The Bank is continuing its policy of balance sheet normalization. The global economy is evolving largely as expected in the Banks October Monetary Policy Report (MPR). In the United States, the economy continues to show broad-based strength, with robust consumption and a solid labour market. US inflation has been holding steady, with some price pressures persisting. In the euro area, recent indicators point to weaker growth. In China, recent policy actions combined with strong exports are supporting growth, but household spending remains subdued. Global financial conditions have eased and the Canadian dollar has depreciated in the face of broad-based strength in the US dollar. In Canada, the economy grew by 1% in the third quarter, somewhat below the Banks October projection, and the fourth quarter also looks weaker than projected. Third-quarter GDP growth was pulled down by business investment, inventories and exports. In contrast, consumer spending and housing activity both picked up, suggesting lower interest rates are beginning to boost household spending. Historical revisions to the National Accounts have increased the level of GDP over the past three years, largely reflecting higher investment and consumption. The unemployment rate rose to 6.8% in November as employment continued to grow more slowly than the labour force. Wage growth showed some signs of easing, but remains elevated relative to productivity. https://www.bankofcanada.ca/2024/12/fad-press-release-2024-12-11/